RESUMO
Abstract Jean-Martin Charcot, widely regarded as a leading founder of modern neurology, made substantial contributions to the understanding and characterization of numerous medical conditions. His initial focus was on internal medicine, later expanding to include neuropathology, general neurology, and eventually emerging fields such as neuropsychology and neuropsychiatry. Furthermore, Charcot's intellectual pursuits extended beyond medicine, encompassing research in art history, medical iconography, sociology, religious studies, and the arts, solidifying his status as a polymath.
Resumo Jean-Martin Charcot, amplamente considerado como um proeminente fundador da neurologia moderna, fez contribuições substanciais para a compreensão e a caracterização de várias condições médicas. Seu foco inicial era a medicina interna, expandindo-se posteriormente para incluir a neuropatologia, a neurologia geral e, por fim, campos emergentes como a neuropsicologia e a neuropsiquiatria. Além disso, as buscas intelectuais de Charcot foram além da medicina, abrangendo pesquisas em história da arte, iconografia médica, sociologia, estudos religiosos e artes, solidificando seu status de polímata.
RESUMO
Jean-Martin Charcot, widely regarded as a leading founder of modern neurology, made substantial contributions to the understanding and characterization of numerous medical conditions. His initial focus was on internal medicine, later expanding to include neuropathology, general neurology, and eventually emerging fields such as neuropsychology and neuropsychiatry. Furthermore, Charcot's intellectual pursuits extended beyond medicine, encompassing research in art history, medical iconography, sociology, religious studies, and the arts, solidifying his status as a polymath.
Jean-Martin Charcot, amplamente considerado como um proeminente fundador da neurologia moderna, fez contribuições substanciais para a compreensão e a caracterização de várias condições médicas. Seu foco inicial era a medicina interna, expandindo-se posteriormente para incluir a neuropatologia, a neurologia geral e, por fim, campos emergentes como a neuropsicologia e a neuropsiquiatria. Além disso, as buscas intelectuais de Charcot foram além da medicina, abrangendo pesquisas em história da arte, iconografia médica, sociologia, estudos religiosos e artes, solidificando seu status de polímata.
Assuntos
Neurologia , Neuropsiquiatria , Humanos , Neuropatologia , FrançaRESUMO
After a brilliant career as a clinician and anatomopathologist, André-Thomas (1868-1963) spent the last 30 years of his life validating the components of neurological examinations of newborns and infants. This novel approach was developed through long examinations of several hundreds of normal and sick children, notably those with anencephaly. By combining his vast knowledge of physiology with the results of his experimental work, André-Thomas built the foundations of a speciality that did not exist before his time: neuropaediatrics. His Études neurologiques (neurological studies), medical in nature but also very literary, echoing his illustrious predecessors of the 19th century, made him a transmitter of knowledge, a man of transition, from the anatomoclinical method of the 19th century to the standardised investigation techniques of the 20th century.
Assuntos
Neurologia , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Criança , Humanos , Neurologia/história , Exame NeurológicoRESUMO
Professor Jean-Martin Charcot was the founder of clinical neurology and one of the prominent researchers in the field of hysteria in the 19th century. His book Les démoniaques dans l'art is a representation of hysterical symptoms in religion and religious art. This paper aims to discuss Charcot's descriptions of hysteria in religion and his "hysterical saints".
Professor Jean-Martin Charcot foi o fundador da neurologia clínica e um dos pesquisadores mais proeminentes no campo da histeria durante o século XIX. Seu livro Les démoniaques dans l'art é uma representação dos sintomas histéricos na religião e arte religiosa. Esse artigo objetiva discutir as descrições de Charcot de histeria na religião e seus "santos histéricos".
Assuntos
Neurologia , Santos , Humanos , História do Século XIX , Histeria/história , Neurologia/história , FrançaRESUMO
Abstract Professor Jean-Martin Charcot was the founder of clinical neurology and one of the prominent researchers in the field of hysteria in the 19th century. His bookLes démoniaques dans l'art is a representation of hysterical symptoms in religion and religious art. This paper aims to discuss Charcot's descriptions of hysteria in religion and his "hysterical saints".
Resumo Professor Jean-Martin Charcot foi o fundador da neurologia clínica e um dos pesquisadores mais proeminentes no campo da histeria durante o século XIX. Seu livroLes démoniaques dans l'art é uma representação dos sintomas histéricos na religião e arte religiosa. Esse artigo objetiva discutir as descrições de Charcot de histeria na religião e seus "santos histéricos".
RESUMO
Augusta Dejerine-Klumpke was ahead of her time, with extensive contributions to the field of neuroanatomy and neurology, achieving international recognition. Despite her great contribution to world neurology, she was expelled from the Salpêtrière hospital in 1917, due to the rivalry and mutual hatred between Pierre Marie and his rival Jules Déjerine, her husband and collaborator.
Augusta Dejerine-Klumpke era uma pessoa à frente de seu tempo, com extensas contribuições para o campo da neuroanatomia e neurologia, alcançando reconhecimento internacional. Apesar de sua grande contribuição para a neurologia mundial, ela foi expulsa do hospital Salpêtrière em 1917, devido à grande rivalidade e ódio mútuo entre Pierre Marie e seu rival Jules Dejerine.
Assuntos
Neurologia , Humanos , Feminino , Neuroanatomia , HospitaisRESUMO
To celebrate the 400th anniversary of the birth of Thomas Willis, his main contributions to the development of neurosciences, in particular neurology, are presented. Willis coined the term neurology and contributed significantly to the field of neuroanatomy, with the description of the arterial circle-located at the base of the brain-, which bears his name. He also described the striatum and cranial nerves. Furthermore, as a clinical neurologist, Willis participated in the description of various diseases, including myasthenia gravis and restless legs syndrome.
Na comemoração dos 400 anos de nascimento de Thomas Willis, são apresentadas as suas principais contribuições para o desenvolvimento das neurociências, em particular a neurologia. Willis cunhou o termo neurologia, contribuiu significativamente na área de neuroanatomia, com a descrição do círculo arterial localizado na base do cérebro, que tem o seu nome, além da descrição do corpo estriado, e de nervos cranianos. Da mesma forma, como neurologista clínico, Willis participou da descrição de várias doenças como a miastenia gravis e da síndrome das pernas inquietas, entre outras doenças.
Assuntos
Neurologia , Neurociências , Aniversários e Eventos Especiais , Encéfalo , Círculo Arterial do Cérebro , História do Século XVII , Humanos , Neuroanatomia/história , Neurologia/história , Neurociências/históriaRESUMO
Abstract Augusta Dejerine-Klumpke was ahead of her time, with extensive contributions to the field of neuroanatomy and neurology, achieving international recognition. Despite her great contribution to world neurology, she was expelled from the Salpêtrière hospital in 1917, due to the rivalry and mutual hatred between Pierre Marie and his rival Jules Déjerine, her husband and collaborator.
Resumo Augusta Dejerine-Klumpke era uma pessoa à frente de seu tempo, com extensas contribuições para o campo da neuroanatomia e neurologia, alcançando reconhecimento internacional. Apesar de sua grande contribuição para a neurologia mundial, ela foi expulsa do hospital Salpêtrière em 1917, devido à grande rivalidade e ódio mútuo entre Pierre Marie e seu rival Jules Dejerine.
RESUMO
Abstract To celebrate the 400th anniversary of the birth of Thomas Willis, his main contributions to the development of neurosciences, in particular neurology, are presented. Willis coined the term neurology and contributed significantly to the field of neuroanatomy, with the description of the arterial circle—located at the base of the brain—, which bears his name. He also described the striatum and cranial nerves. Furthermore, as a clinical neurologist, Willis participated in the description of various diseases, including myasthenia gravis and restless legs syndrome.
Resumo Na comemoração dos 400 anos de nascimento de Thomas Willis, são apresentadas as suas principais contribuições para o desenvolvimento das neurociências, em particular a neurologia. Willis cunhou o termo neurologia, contribuiu significativamente na área de neuroanatomia, com a descrição do círculo arterial localizado na base do cérebro, que tem o seu nome, além da descrição do corpo estriado, e de nervos cranianos. Da mesma forma, como neurologista clínico, Willis participou da descrição de várias doenças como a miastenia gravis e da síndrome das pernas inquietas, entre outras doenças.
RESUMO
Jean-Martin Charcot was one of the most influential physicians of the nineteenth century and is now rightly considered the father of Neurology. The aim of this paper was to review and describe Charcot's close relationships to Britain and the influence of this particular affinity on his career.
Assuntos
Neurologia , Médicos , França , História do Século XIX , Humanos , Neurologia/história , Médicos/históriaRESUMO
Désiré Bourneville was one of Jean-Martin Charcot's most important disciples. His previous works as an alienist allowed him to influence his master's interest in hysteria, which led to the creation of a service regarded as a neurological mecca. During his time under Charcot, Bourneville, a passionate left-wing radical, had to coexist with characters representative of the conservative, bourgeois Parisian society. The aim of this study is to describe Bourneville's life and work, as well as the ambiguity of a progressive man such as him, immersed within the economic and cultural elites.
Assuntos
Neurologia , França , História do Século XIX , Humanos , Histeria , MasculinoRESUMO
René Cruchet (1875-1959) was a pediatrician from Bordeaux known for his seminal description of encephalitis lethargica during World War I, at the same time as Constantin von Economo (1876-1931) in Vienna published his own description, which, unlike Cruchet's description, provided precious anatomopathological data in addition to the clinical data. Cruchet was interested in tics and dystonia and called for treatment using behavioral psychotherapy that was, above all, repressive. Cruchet was also a physiologist and an innovator in aeronautic medicine-notably, he helped pioneer the study of "aviator's disease" during World War I. Moreover, he possessed an encyclopedic knowledge, while publishing in all medical fields, writing philosophical texts as well as travel logs.
Assuntos
Medicina , Doença de Parkinson Pós-Encefalítica , Humanos , Masculino , Doença de Parkinson Pós-Encefalítica/história , Doença de Parkinson Pós-Encefalítica/terapia , I Guerra MundialRESUMO
ABSTRACT André Brouillet's (1857-1914) famous group tableau 'A Clinical Lesson at La Salpêtrière' (French: Une leçon clinique à la Salpêtrière) is possibly the most celebrated painting in the history of neurology. His depiction of one of Jean-Martin Charcot's legendary "Tuesday Lessons" includes portraits of not only one of the master's most famous patients, but also of his pupils, the heirs to the founder of modern neurology. However, the painter himself has long been neglected, and even his other paintings on medical subjects are little acknowledged. The authors aim to bring attention to Brouillet's life and times, as well as the remainder of his notable works; and in giving a proper context to the famous painting, neurologists today may be able to appreciate better the early history of our field and its cultural impact.
RESUMO A famosa pintura 'Une leçon clinique à la Salpêtrière', de André Brouillet's (1857-1914), é possivelmente a representação mais célebre da história da Neurologia. Seu retrato de uma das lendárias "lições de terça-feira" dirigidas por Jean-Martin Charcot inclui ainda não apenas uma das pacientes mais famosas do mestre como também seus pupilos, os fundadores da Neurologia moderna. Entretanto, o pintor propriamente dito é ainda negligenciado, e mesmo outras pinturas suas sobre temas médicos são pouco reconhecidas. Os autores trazem à atenção a vida e época de Brouillet, bem como o restante de seus outros trabalhos notáveis; dando contexto apropriado à pintura, neurologistas atuais podem compreender melhor a própria história de nossa especialidade e seu impacto cultural.
Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XIX , Pinturas , Neurologia , FrançaRESUMO
André Brouillet's (1857-1914) famous group tableau 'A Clinical Lesson at La Salpêtrière' (French: Une leçon clinique à la Salpêtrière) is possibly the most celebrated painting in the history of neurology. His depiction of one of Jean-Martin Charcot's legendary "Tuesday Lessons" includes portraits of not only one of the master's most famous patients, but also of his pupils, the heirs to the founder of modern neurology. However, the painter himself has long been neglected, and even his other paintings on medical subjects are little acknowledged. The authors aim to bring attention to Brouillet's life and times, as well as the remainder of his notable works; and in giving a proper context to the famous painting, neurologists today may be able to appreciate better the early history of our field and its cultural impact.
Assuntos
Neurologia , Pinturas , França , História do Século XIX , HumanosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The Uruguayan physician Francisco Soca, who specialized in neurology in Jean-Martin Charcot's clinic, defended a thesis at the Paris Faculty of Medicine in 1888 on Friedreich's ataxia in eleven patients. In this work he described the presence of toe phenomenon. OBJECTIVE: This historical note presents a toe sign described by the Soca eight years before Babinski's classic description. DISCUSSION: In the late 1800s Soca completed a specialization in neurology at the service run by Charcot in Paris. He defended an important thesis in 1888 assessing data from 11 Friedreich's ataxia. In his thesis, Soca also described the toe phenomenon and the presence of structural changes in the feet of these patients that were not described in the Friedreich study published in 1863. CONCLUSION: The Soca's thesis contained the description of toe extension associated with pyramidal tract lesions, eight years later described and further immortalized as Babinski's sign. Therefore, Soca had already publicized this sign as being representative of a pyramidal dysfunction before Babinski or any other neurologist.
Assuntos
Doença dos Neurônios Motores , Neurologia , Médicos , França , História do Século XIX , Humanos , Masculino , Reflexo de Babinski , Dedos do PéRESUMO
Yawning is a fascinating physiological behaviour that has been poorly addressed except in old medical books. Whereas the purpose of this behaviour is still not clearly identified, the ancient authors made it a clinical symptom, especially a psychological one. After presenting some current notions about yawning, we review publications on yawning written by physicians, from antiquity to the twentieth century, and, in particular, those dealing with psychological and psychiatric aspects.
Assuntos
Médicos , Psiquiatria , Bocejo , Livros , HumanosRESUMO
Raymond Garcin, professor of neurology in Paris, France, and his Brazilian assistant, Professor Roberto Melaragno described in 1948 the phenomenon defined as "bégaiement de la mise en route du mouvement" in patients with Parkinson's disease. This was one of the first descriptions of freezing of gait (FOG) in the world.
Assuntos
Transtornos Neurológicos da Marcha , Doença de Parkinson , Brasil , França , Marcha , Transtornos Neurológicos da Marcha/etiologia , Humanos , Doença de Parkinson/complicaçõesRESUMO
Jean-Martin Charcot, considered the father of modern neurology, had a complex personality featuring well-defined characteristics of introversion, competitiveness, irony, and skepticism. While biographers have described him as Republican, anticlerical, and agnostic, the literature also presents evidence that he came to admire Buddhism toward the end of his life; Charcot's involvement with numerous patients suffering from incurable and insidious neurological diseases may have contributed to this change in attitude.
Assuntos
Budismo , Neurologia , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Jean-Martin Charcot is considered the father of modern neurology; alongside his work as a physician, professor, and researcher in this area, he was also artistically gifted with a taste for caricature. This historical note summarizes 8 caricatures by Charcot that exhibit a mixture of humor, satire, irony, and sarcasm.
